Qadha prayers of parents is obligatory on the eldest son

1399. If a father did not offer some of his obligatory prayers or fasts, after his death, it is obligatory upon his eldest son, to perform its Qadha. If the son cannot do so, he may hire someone to perform them. Even if father was not able to give Qadha, moreover, as per precautionary measures, even if the father left it as a deliberate act of transgression, it is obligatory upon the son to give its Qadha or hire someone.

Qadha prayers

1379. A person who does not offer his daily prayers within time, should offer Qadha prayers, even if he slept during the entire time prescribed for the prayers, or because of intoxication he did not offer his prayers. However, the ladies who have to leave out daily prayers, due to Hayz or Nifas, similarly, if someone was unconscious the entire prescribed time for the prayers unintentionally, do not have to give any Qadha for them.

Miscellaneous rules

Prayers of a traveler (Musafir)

A traveler should reduce the Rak’ats in Zuhr, ‘Asr and ‘Isha prayers, that is, he should perform two Rak’ats instead of four, subject to the following eight conditions:

The first condition – That his journey should not be less than 8 Farsakh. A Farsakh in Shariah is 12000 Ziraa’ (it’s a unit of measuring the length), and it is mentioned that it is approximately 51/2 (5.5) kilometers. (So, 8 Farsakh is approx. 44 km)

Addition and omission of the acts and condition of prayers

1272. Whenever a person intentionally adds something to the obligatory acts of prayers, or omits something from them, even if it be only a letter, his prayers become void.

Qadha of the forgotten Sajdah and Tashahhud

1260. If a person forgets Sajdah and Tashahhud, and offers its Qadha after prayers, he should fulfil all the conditions of prayers, like his body and dress being Pak, and facing the Qibla, and all various other conditions.

The method of offering Sajdah - e - Sahw

1259. The method of offering Sajdah – e – Sahw is that after the Salam of prayers, one should immediately make a Niyyat of performing Sajdah – e – Sahw, placing one’s forehead on an object on which Sajdah is allowed. He should then recite the Zikr. There is three recommended Zikr for Sajdah – e – Sahw:

Sajdah – e – Sahw (Sajdah for forgotten acts)

1245. Two Sajdah – e – Sahw become necessary for five things, and they are performed after Salam. Their method will be explained later:

Method of offering Namaz – e – Ihtiyat

Doubts which are valid

1208. There are nine situations in which a person can have doubts about the number of Rak’ats in the Namaz consisting of four Rak’ats. In those situations, one should pause to think, and if he arrives at any decision or probability, he should act accordingly. If doubt persists, he should follow these rules:

1. After finishing the obligatory Zikr of the second Sajdah, if a person doubts whether he has